A black-tie reading room on the BPC-157 literature — the gastric-cytoprotection lineage, the angiogenesis mechanism, and where compounded and 503A access actually stand, set in gold on true black.
Prescribed BPC-157

THE REGISTER · SOURCES OF RECORD

BPC-157 references and citations

The peer-reviewed literature and FDA regulatory sources behind every figure and claim on this site.

Back to the researchLegal status and access

About this reference register

Every quantitative claim on this BPC-157 site maps to a numbered entry below. The research entries [1] through [15] are the peer-reviewed literature — PubMed-indexed primary studies and reviews. The regulatory entries [1] through [5], cited on the BPC-157 legal status and 503A category page, are FDA pages and a supporting legal analysis. Where a study is paywalled, the PubMed record links to the abstract and identifiers. Identifiers are given as DOI, PMID, and URL so any reader or crawler can resolve the source independently.

  1. Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. ↗
  2. He L, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1026182. ↗
  3. Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95(3):323-333. ↗
  4. Xue XC, et al. Protective effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10(7):1032-1037. ↗
  5. Sikiric P, et al. Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(8):857-865. ↗
  6. Gojkovic S, et al. Cytoprotective gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 resolves major vessel occlusion disturbances, ischemia-reperfusion injury following Pringle maneuver, and Budd-Chiari syndrome. World J Gastroenterol. 2022;28(1):23-46. ↗
  7. Sikiric P, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of BPC 157, a 15-amino acid peptide, on liver lesions induced by either restraint stress or bile duct and hepatic artery ligation or CCl4 administration. Life Sci. 1993;53(18):PL291-296. ↗
  8. Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025. ↗
  9. McGuire FP, et al. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. ↗
  10. Sikiric P, et al. The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024;17(4):461. ↗
  11. Duodenocolic fistula healing by pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in rats. A cytoprotection viewpoint. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2024;75(1). ↗
  12. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Intestinal Anastomoses Therapy in Rats - A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024;17(8):1081. ↗
  13. Lee E, Walker C, Ayadi B. Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2024. ↗
  14. Tracheocutaneous Fistula Resolved by Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy Through the NO-System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2026;19(1):145. ↗
  15. BPC 157 Therapy: Targeting Angiogenesis and Nitric Oxide's Cytotoxic and Damaging Actions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(10):1450. ↗